Utilizing the high frequency of ultrasound, it is converted into high-frequency kinetic energy through a transducer, and then acts on the liquid medium in the cleaning tank, causing cavitation of the liquid, continuously forming countless fine bubbles, and rapidly exploding, generating an impact force on the surface of the object, causing surface dirt to detach, thereby achieving the cleaning effect.

超聲波清洗機(jī)原理圖

Schematic diagram of ultrasonic cleaning machine

從上面這段話結(jié)合原理圖就可以大體上了解到整個超聲波清洗機(jī)的工作原理了，那現(xiàn)在就這段話來做一個詳細(xì)的解說。

From the above paragraph combined with the schematic diagram, we can roughly understand the working principle of the entire ultrasonic cleaning machine. Now, let's give a detailed explanation of this paragraph.

用在超聲波清洗機(jī)上的超聲波頻率一般是28KHz以上。高可達(dá)128KHz以上，為常用的是40KHz，這個頻率比較通用，適合大多數(shù)工件的清洗。頻率越低，清洗的細(xì)膩度就越低，但力度會強(qiáng)些。反之，則清洗的越精細(xì)，但力度會減弱。

The ultrasonic frequency used on ultrasonic cleaning machines is generally above 28KHz. Up to 128KHz or above, the most commonly used frequency is 40KHz, which is relatively universal and suitable for cleaning most workpieces. The lower the frequency, the less delicate the cleaning will be, but the intensity will be stronger. On the contrary, the finer the cleaning, but the weaker the force.

超聲波發(fā)生器

Ultrasonic generator

超聲波發(fā)聲器是超聲波清洗機(jī)的核心部件，又稱超聲波驅(qū)動電源、電子箱、超聲波控制器，是大功率超聲系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分。其作用是把市電轉(zhuǎn)換成與超聲波換能器相匹配的高頻交流電信號，驅(qū)動超聲波換能器工作。大功率超聲波電源從轉(zhuǎn)換效率方面考慮一般采用開關(guān)電源的電路形式。超聲波電源分為自激式和它激式電源，自激式電源稱為超聲波模擬電源，它激式電源稱為超聲波發(fā)生器。

The ultrasonic sounder is the core component of the ultrasonic cleaning machine, also known as the ultrasonic driving power supply, electronic box, and ultrasonic controller. It is an important component of the high-power ultrasonic system. Its function is to convert the mains electricity into high-frequency AC signals that match the ultrasonic transducer, driving the ultrasonic transducer to work. The high-power ultrasonic power supply generally adopts the circuit form of a switching power supply from the perspective of conversion efficiency. Ultrasonic power sources are divided into self-excited and self-excited power sources. The self-excited power source is called an ultrasonic analog power source, and the self-excited power source is called an ultrasonic generator.

那么，我們再了解下超聲波換能器。換能就是把超聲波的頻率轉(zhuǎn)換為機(jī)械震動能，這個部件有點類似于手機(jī)的震動器，在高頻率的超聲波推動下，換能器以每秒數(shù)十萬次的頻率震動，這種震動傳遞到緊扣在上面的清洗槽上，透過清洗槽將動能傳遞到槽內(nèi)的液體中。在這種高頻率的震動下，液體就會產(chǎn)生空化作用。

So, let's learn more about ultrasonic transducers. Energy conversion is the process of converting the frequency of ultrasonic waves into mechanical vibration energy. This component is somewhat similar to the vibrator of a mobile phone. Driven by high-frequency ultrasonic waves, the transducer vibrates at a frequency of hundreds of thousands of times per second. This vibration is transmitted to the cleaning tank tightly attached to it, and kinetic energy is transmitted to the liquid inside the tank through the cleaning tank. Under this high-frequency vibration, the liquid will produce cavitation.

關(guān)于空化作用：

Regarding cavitation:

清洗槽中的液體在高頻震動下在急劇的撞擊下形成了真空氣泡，這些氣泡在震動下迅速爆裂，然后又再度閉合，在氣泡閉合的瞬間就產(chǎn)生了很強(qiáng)的沖擊波，使氣泡周圍產(chǎn)生1012-1013pa的壓力，這相當(dāng)于100公斤的東西壓在一平方米的地盤上了。而實際上，工件承受的面積是極其微小的，所以，可以想象其受到的沖擊力度是非常強(qiáng)大的。在這樣強(qiáng)大的沖擊力下，工件表面的污垢被剝離，從而終達(dá)到清洗的目的。由于力度極強(qiáng)，有些金屬表面甚至?xí)兊酶鼮楣饣饬?，這也是為什么超聲波清洗機(jī)在五金行業(yè)特別受歡迎的緣故，因為五金件通過超聲波清洗后會一洗如新，閃閃發(fā)亮，賣相特別好。

The liquid in the cleaning tank forms vacuum bubbles under rapid impact under high-frequency vibration. These bubbles quickly burst under vibration and then close again. At the moment of bubble closure, a strong shock wave is generated, causing a pressure of 1012-1013pa around the bubbles, which is equivalent to 100 kilograms of pressure on a square meter of land. In fact, the area that the workpiece bears is extremely small, so it can be imagined that the impact force it receives is very strong. Under such a strong impact force, the dirt on the surface of the workpiece is peeled off, ultimately achieving the purpose of cleaning. Due to the extremely strong force, some metal surfaces may even become smoother and brighter, which is why ultrasonic cleaning machines are particularly popular in the hardware industry, as hardware components will be washed as new, shiny, and sell well after ultrasonic cleaning.